Researchers Might Have Found Oldest Alphabetic Sentence in Israel
2022-11-13
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1Israeli researchers have found an ancient comb that has what is likely the oldest known full sentence written in Canaanite.
2The discovery was described in a study published recently in the Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology.
3The writing could be 3,700 years old. It tells people to comb their hair and beards to remove small insects known as lice.
4The sentence contains 17 letters that read: "May this tusk root out the lice of the hair and the beard."
5Experts say the discovery gives information about some of the earliest use of the Canaanite alphabet, invented around 3,800 years ago.
6The Canaanite alphabet was the base for later alphabetic systems, such as Hebrew, Greek, Latin and Cyrillic.
7The subject of the writing suggests that people had trouble with lice in everyday life at the time.
8Researchers said they have even found microscopic evidence of head lice on the comb.
9The comb was first found in 2016 in southern Israel.
10But it was only late last year when a professor at Israel's Hebrew University noticed the tiny words written on it.
11The lead researcher, Yosef Garfinkel of Hebrew University, spoke to The Associated Press.
12He said that while many ancient objects with Canaanite writing have been found over the years, the comb has the first complete sentence to be discovered.
13Garfinkel said earlier findings contained just a few letters, maybe a word here and there.
14Such short pieces of writing did not leave much room for further research on the lives of the Canaanites.
15"We didn't have enough material," he said.
16The find opens up the debate about the ancient time period, Garfinkel added.
17He said it was important that the sentence was found on an ivory comb in the ancient city's palace and temple area.
18It also was notable that the writing spoke of a beard.
19Garfinkel said it could suggest that only wealthy men were able to read and write.
20"It is a very human text," Garfinkel said.
21"It shows us that people didn't really change, and lice didn't really change."
22Canaanites spoke an ancient Semitic language that is related to modern Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic.
23The Canaanites lived in the lands along the eastern Mediterranean.
24They are believed to have developed the first known alphabetic system of writing.
25The complete sentence further suggests that Canaanites stood out among early civilizations in their use of the written word.
26"It shows that even in the most ancient phase there were full sentences" Garfinkel added.
27He said experts dated the script to 3,700 years ago by comparing it to the ancient Canaanite alphabet found earlier in Egypt's Sinai Desert.
28Such writing dates back between 3,900 and 3,700 years.
29But, the study noted, carbon dating of the comb failed to show its exact age.
30Austrian archaeologist Felix Höflmayer, an expert on the period who was not part of the publication, said the method of dating was not good enough.
31"There are just not enough securely dated early alphabetic inscriptions currently known," he said.
32But, he added the discovery was important.
33"Seventeen letters preserved on a single object is definitely remarkable," Höflmayer said.
34I'm John Russell.
1Israeli researchers have found an ancient comb that has what is likely the oldest known full sentence written in Canaanite. The discovery was described in a study published recently in the Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology. 2The writing could be 3,700 years old. It tells people to comb their hair and beards to remove small insects known as lice. The sentence contains 17 letters that read: "May this tusk root out the lice of the hair and the beard." 3Experts say the discovery gives information about some of the earliest use of the Canaanite alphabet, invented around 3,800 years ago. The Canaanite alphabet was the base for later alphabetic systems, such as Hebrew, Greek, Latin and Cyrillic. 4The subject of the writing suggests that people had trouble with lice in everyday life at the time. Researchers said they have even found microscopic evidence of head lice on the comb. 5The comb was first found in 2016 in southern Israel. But it was only late last year when a professor at Israel's Hebrew University noticed the tiny words written on it. 6The lead researcher, Yosef Garfinkel of Hebrew University, spoke to The Associated Press. He said that while many ancient objects with Canaanite writing have been found over the years, the comb has the first complete sentence to be discovered. 7Garfinkel said earlier findings contained just a few letters, maybe a word here and there. Such short pieces of writing did not leave much room for further research on the lives of the Canaanites. "We didn't have enough material," he said. 8The find opens up the debate about the ancient time period, Garfinkel added. He said it was important that the sentence was found on an ivory comb in the ancient city's palace and temple area. It also was notable that the writing spoke of a beard. Garfinkel said it could suggest that only wealthy men were able to read and write. 9"It is a very human text," Garfinkel said. "It shows us that people didn't really change, and lice didn't really change." 10Canaanites spoke an ancient Semitic language that is related to modern Hebrew, Arabic and Aramaic. The Canaanites lived in the lands along the eastern Mediterranean. They are believed to have developed the first known alphabetic system of writing. 11The complete sentence further suggests that Canaanites stood out among early civilizations in their use of the written word. "It shows that even in the most ancient phase there were full sentences" Garfinkel added. 12He said experts dated the script to 3,700 years ago by comparing it to the ancient Canaanite alphabet found earlier in Egypt's Sinai Desert. Such writing dates back between 3,900 and 3,700 years. 13But, the study noted, carbon dating of the comb failed to show its exact age. 14Austrian archaeologist Felix Höflmayer, an expert on the period who was not part of the publication, said the method of dating was not good enough. 15"There are just not enough securely dated early alphabetic inscriptions currently known," he said. But, he added the discovery was important. 16"Seventeen letters preserved on a single object is definitely remarkable," Höflmayer said. 17I'm John Russell. 18Eleanor H. Reitch reported on this story for the Associated Press. John Russell adapted it for VOA Learning English. 19_________________________________________________________________ 20Words in This Story 21comb - n. a flat object with a row of thin teeth that is used for making hair neat 22tusk - n. a very long, large tooth that sticks out of the mouth of an animal (such as an elephant, walrus, or boar) 23alphabet - n. the letters of a language arranged in their usual order 24professor - n. a teacher especially of the highest rank at a college or university 25phase -n. a period that is part of a series of events showing a process of development 26inscription - n. words that are written on or cut into a surface